Thermal analysis of electroosmotic flow in a vertical ciliated tube with viscous dissipation and heat source effects: implications for endoscopic applications

This work explores how electroosmosis, thermal radiation, and heat source affect the peristaltic flow of a hybrid nanofluid in a ciliated endoscope. A ciliated endoscope consists of two cylindrical tubes, one inside the other. The inner tube is rigid; while, a sinusoidal wave travels along the wall of the outer tube. The goal of this work is to examine how the cilia on the wall drive the hybrid nanofluid flow under electroosmosis. Electroosmosis is modeled by the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation. The Poisson equation is solved analytically by applying the Debye–Huckel approximation. The governing equations are simplified by assuming a low Reynolds number and a long wavelength. The hybrid nanofluid is composed of blood-base fluid and nanocomposites, which enhance the heat transfer properties. Also, the graphical part is built to accomplish the theoretical results from the complex cilia wave evolution from the necessary flow parameters in a symmetry tube. Theoretically, it is noticed that complicated cilia waves considerably speed up fluid circulation close to the endoscopic tube. Graphical representations were used to show how different physical characteristics affect the velocity profile, temperature distribution, pressure rise, and pressure gradient. The important outcome of the present study indicates that, by increasing the electroosmotic parameter, the velocity profile increases during the first half and then starts decreasing. The current results can be used in biomathematical models to control fluid flow through microchannels, and we are also looking at ways to cure artery blockages and cancer tumors in biomedicine. The study can be used to design and optimize microfluidic devices for drug delivery, lab-on-a-chip devices, and other biomedical applications.