Flood risk identification in high-density urban areas of Macau based on disaster scenario simulation

Currently, most of the world's economically developed and densely populated cities are built along coasts, and populations and industries tend to concentrate in coastal areas. However, with climate change, extreme weather events frequently occur in coastal areas. High-density urban spaces have changed the natural hydrological cycle, and the dense spatial layout, low-load municipal system planning, and inefficient management system of coastal cities have led to an increasing threat of flooding in these high-density urban areas, affecting their safety and sustainable development. In this context, the scientific and reasonable risk assessment of future flooding in coastal high-density urban areas has become an urgent problem and a key focus of urban disaster prevention and control efforts. In this paper, a flood identification tool is developed, a technical route for flood risk identification is established, identification scenarios under several disaster conditions are set, and classification criteria for flood risk identification are determined. An empirical study of high-density urban areas in Macau is carried out, the Infoworks Icm hydrological simulation software (Manufacturer: HR Wallingford (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd ) is used to establish a flood hazard risk identification model for the Macau Peninsula, and flood hazard risk zones for the high-density urban areas in Macau are identified and delineated based on the simulation results.