Cooperative control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems: progress, applications, and challenges

This study provides an overview of the advancements, applications, and challenges in the field of heterogeneous MASs with a focus on cooperative control. It summarizes the existing secure control methods under cyber-attacks and safe control approaches in physical threats. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of heterogeneous MASs and future research directions to address remaining challenges. We hope that this work can inspire researchers studying cooperative control of heterogeneous MASs.