Bridging buried interface enable 24.67

Scalable deposition of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical to accelerating their commercial applications. However, a significant number of defects are distributed at the buried interface of perovskite film fabricated by scalable deposition, exhibiting much negative influence on the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid potassium salt (MESK) is incorporated as the bridging layer between the tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL) and the perovskite film deposited via scalable two-step doctor blading. Both experiment and simulation results demonstrate that MESK can passivate the trap states of Sn suspension bonds, thereby enhancing the charge extraction and transport of the SnO2 ETL. Meanwhile, the strong interaction with uncoordinated Pb ions can modulate the crystal growth and crystallographic orientation of perovskite film and passivate buried defects. With employing MESK interface bridging, PSCs fabricated via scalable doctor blading in ambient condition achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.67