Changing trends in the global, regional, and national burden of iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults: population-based study

Iodine is a micronutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurodevelopment. Iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults is a major global health issue. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database to calculate the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates of iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults. We explored the specific year with the most substantial changes in the trends of iodine deficiency among adolescents with annual percentage change (APC) by Joinpoint Regression analysis. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the iodine deficiency burden according to age, sex, location, and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles. All measures are listed with 95