Quantitative risk assessment of a spill fire caused by the continuously leaked fuel in a sealed ship engine room

There are a large number of high-temperature heat sources in a ship engine room. Once the oil leakage occurs, it is likely to be ignited and form a spreading and burning spill fire. In this paper, spill fire experiments are conducted in a model-scale ship engine room to investigate their characteristic parameters. The quantitative models of flame height and thermal radiant surface emission power applicable to such fires are verified by the experimental data. Based on that, the classical quantitative risk assessment method is adopted to assess the risk of spill fires using thermal radiation hazard as the main reference, and a detailed framework for quantitative risk assessment of spill fires in ship engine room is established, which includes hazard identification, probability of failure calculation, consequence assessment, and risk quantification. The possible causes of spill fire accidents are briefly analyzed based on the bow-tie model. In cases where thermal threats above the risk threshold for larger leakage rates (70 mL/min), the probability method outperforms the threshold method in terms of accuracy in risk quantification. Additionally, the variation of thermal radiation with combustion diameter is analyzed, and some recommendations for fire emergency rescue are presented.