Advancing Digital Health Initiatives in Developing Regions: A Path to Universal Health Coverage (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Over the last 25 years, digital health interventions in developing countries have under-gone substantial transformations propelled by technological advancements, increased internet accessibility, and a deeper appreciation of the benefits of digital tools in en-hancing healthcare availability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the evolution, impact, and prospects of digital health inter-ventions in developing regions, highlighting their role in improving healthcare accessi-bility and equity. METHODS A retrospective analysis of digital health initiatives scanning the past two and a half decades focused on the progression from basic SMS platforms to sophisticated mobile health (mHealth) applications and other health digital interventions. Relevant literature and case studies were reviewed to elucidate key milestones, successes, challenges, and opportunities in advancing digital health initiatives in developing regions. RESULTS Digital health initiatives in developing regions initially targeted specific health concerns, such as malaria diagnosis and treatment, through text-based platforms, demonstrating their efficacy in reaching remote and marginalized communities. With the proliferation of mobile phone ownership and internet access, these interventions evolved into com-prehensive mHealth applications, facilitating self-care support, patient education, chronic disease monitoring, and remote consultations. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of digital health interventions, particularly in disseminating health information, supporting contact tracing efforts, and enabling virtual consultations to alleviate strain on healthcare systems. CONCLUSIONS The future of digital health interventions in developing regions holds immense promise, fueled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain. However, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to digital health technologies, addressing disparities in digital literacy, and establishing robust healthcare infrastructure. Collaboration among governments, healthcare providers, technology innovators, and communities is essential to overcome these challenges and harness the full potential of digital health to improve healthcare outcomes in developing regions.