Influence of melamine and graphene oxide on the performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes for desalination

Membrane-based desalination technology stands out as a promising solution to obtain potable water by creating opportunities for water recovery. The productivity and fouling of the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are the most common problems in desalination processes. The effect of Melamine-grafted graphene Oxide (MEL/GO) in the RO membrane preparation has a gap in existing knowledge through understanding the specific effects and synergies of these materials in membrane synthesis and desalination performance. In this study, we employed the phase inversion technique to synthesize polyamide (PA) RO membranes incorporating MEL/GO. Various membrane properties were investigated, including hydrophilicity, porosity, surface and cross-sectional morphology, permeability, and membrane performance. It was found that the optimum MEL and GO concentrations were 0.1 and 0.3