Optimization Design of 30 MJ/5 MW LIQHYSMESToroidal D-Shaped Magnet

As the pivotal component of LIQuid Hydrogen and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (LIQHYSMES) system, the electromagnetic design of SMES magnet is crucial to the economy, performance, and stability of the system. In this article, the toroidal D-shaped magnet within LIQHYSMES system is taken as the main research object, and the multi-objective electromagnetic optimization design is conducted under the environment of LH2 cooling, taking economy, energy storage capacity, AC loss, support structure, mechanical properties, and volume of the magnet into account. A hybrid optimization approach is employed, which combines NSGA-II with numerical method based on epsilon-constraint method, which averagely shifts the Pareto front forward by 7.31% compared to solely adopting NSGA-II conventionally. Ultimately, a design solution for 30 MJ/5 MW LIQHYSMES toroidal D-shaped magnet is obtained, accompanied by the development of a GUI programming tailored for large-scale toroidal HTS magnet designs.