Late Miocene drainage reorganization on the NE Tibetan Plateau linked to growth of the Qilian Shan revealed by coupled carbonate Sr-silicate Nd isotopic tracers

The tectonically active NE Tibetan Plateau, which is located at the confluent area of the humid Asian monsoon region and dry Asian inlands, provides excellent archives of drainage pattern evolution in response to regional changes in topography and climate. However, the uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau and formation of modern drainage patterns are still disputed. In this study, based on the Sr-Nd isotopic distribution in modern surface water and sediments, we present integrated records of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in carbonate and 87Sr/86Sr-epsilon Nd(0) values in silicate of the Huaitoutala section in the northern Qaidam Basin to reveal the source-to-sink history of particulate and dissolved loads since -15 Ma. Our results show that changes in Sr-Nd isotopes at ca. 10 Ma and ca. 5 Ma are indicative of two stages of source alteration and reorganization of the drainage system. Specifically, a remarkable increase in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in carbonate and silicate together with a decrease in epsilon Nd(0) values since ca. 10 Ma suggests a tectonic denudation event of Qilian Shan at -10 Ma. The subsequent declines in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in carbonate and silicate together with an increase in epsilon Nd(0) values since ca. 5 Ma, which approach the modern 87Sr/86Sr ratios near the study section site, suggest that a modern-like drainage pattern in the northern Qaidam Basin might have formed in response to tectonic uplift of Qilian Shan at ca. 5 Ma. Using coupled carbonate Sr-silicate Sr-Nd isotopes, we provide reliable provenance tracers of drainage reorganization and the evolution of source-to-sink systems caused by tectonic deformation.