BBB -Voting: Self-Tallying End-to-hnd Verifiable 1-out -of-k Blockchain-Based Boardroom Voting

Voting is a means to agree on a collective decision based on available choices (e.g., candidates), where participants agree to abide by their outcome. To improve some features of e-voting, decentralized blockchain-based solutions can be employed, where the blockchain represents a public bulletin board that in contrast to a centralized bulletin board provides extremely high availability, censorship resistance, and correct code execution. A blockchain ensures that all entities in the voting system have the same view of the actions made by others due to its immutability and append -only features. The existing remote blockchain-based boardroom voting solution called Open Vote Network (OVN) provides the privacy of votes, universal & End -to-End verifiability, and perfect ballot secrecy; however, it supports only 2 choices and lacks recovery from stalling participants. We present BBB-Voting, an equivalent blockchain-based approach for decentralized voting such as OVN, but in contrast to it, BBB -Voting supports 1. -out-of-k choices and provides robustness that enables recovery from stalling participants. We make a costoptimized implementation using an Ethereum-based environment respecting Ethereum Enterprise Alliance standards, which we compare with OVN and show that our work decreases the costs for voters by 13.5% in normalized gas consumption. Finally, we show how BBB-Voting can he extended to support the number of participants limited only by the expenses paid by the authority and the computing power to obtain the tally.