VMD Integrated FMCW Radar System for Non-Invasive Pediatric Vital Sign Estimation.

In pediatric care, non-invasive monitoring of the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) faces challenges due to random child movements. These random movements can significantly degrade the accuracy of estimates derived from non-invasive radar systems. This study addressed this challenge by incorporating the variational mode decomposition (VMD) technique as a denoising tool in conjunction with the conventional signal processing method using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. This combined approach markedly reduced the motion-induced effects on HR and RR radar measurements. Validation was achieved by comparing the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the VMDenhanced radar sensor readings against a reference sensor: On applying VMD for vital sign estimation of children in motion, an average overall improvement of 40.59% in HR and RR precision was noted compared to traditional methods. Our findings emphasize the viability of this integrated technique for non-invasive pediatric vital sign monitoring, particularly amidst movement, suggesting a valuable solution for practical pediatric settings.