3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylic acid halts redox imbalance and modulate purinergic enzyme activity in iron-induced testicular injury

Various derivatives of cinnamic acid have been reported to possess significant activities such as antioxidant and hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Interestingly, testicular toxicity has been linked to several causes, with oxidative damage being one of the pathophysiological mechanisms. 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylic acid (1), a derivative of cinnamic acid, was synthesized and then investigated for its effects on iron-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress via ex vivo and in silico studies, respectively. Evaluations were done on KAD-1's FRAP, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and iron chelating potential. Through the ex vivo incubation of tissue supernatant and 0.1 mM FeSO4 for 30 min at 37 degrees C with different concentration of 1, oxidative testicular damage treatments were induced. The scavenging property of 1 increases significantly (p < 0.05) as the concentration increases when compared with the standard quercetin. The MDA, CAT, ATPase, and ENTPDase activities were reduced when testicular damage was induced (p < 0.05). The group treated with 30 mg/mL had the highest level of MDA. A significant rise in GSH level and activity of SOD were observed. The result obtained indicated that 1 has the potential to prevent oxidative testicular toxicity, as evidenced by its capacity to control nucleotide hydrolysis and reduce oxidative stress. Overall, the results of this experimental study point to some possible uses of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylic acid (1) in the prevention of oxidative testicular dysfunction. Therefore, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylic acid (1) would be a good product in developing a medication to alleviate male infertility.