Dynamical friction and evolution of black holes in cosmological simulations: a new implementation in OpenGadget3
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We implement a sub-resolution prescription for the unresolved dynamical
friction onto black holes (BHs) in the OpenGadget3 code. We carry out
cosmological simulations of a volume of 16 cMpc3 and zoom-ins of a galaxy group
and of a galaxy cluster. The advantages of our new technique are assessed in
comparison to commonly adopted methods to hamper spurious BH displacements,
i.e. repositioning onto a local minimum of the gravitational potential and
ad-hoc boosting of the BH particle dynamical mass. The newly-introduced
dynamical friction correction provides centering of BHs on host halos which is
at least comparable with the other techniques. It predicts half as many merger
events with respect to the repositioning prescription, with the advantage of
being less prone to leave sub-structures without any central BH. Simulations
featuring our dynamical friction prescription produce a smaller (by up to 50
with respect to repositioning) population of wandering BHs and final BH masses
in good agreement with observations. As for individual BH-BH interactions, our
dynamical friction model captures the gradual inspiraling of orbits before the
merger occurs. By contrast, the repositioning scheme, in its most classical
renditions considered, describes extremely fast mergers, while the dynamical
mass misrepresents the BHs' dynamics, introducing numerical scattering between
the orbiting BHs. Given its performances in describing the centering of BHs
within host galaxies and the orbiting of BH pair before their merging, our
dynamical friction correction opens interesting applications for an accurate
description of the evolution of BH demography within cosmological simulations
of galaxy formation at different cosmic epochs and within different
environments.
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