An averaged mass correction scheme for the simulation of high subsonic turbulent internal flows using a lattice Boltzmann method

This paper addresses the simulation of internal high-speed turbulent compressible flows using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) when it is coupled with the immersed boundary method for non-body-fitted meshes. The focus is made here on the mass leakage issue. The recent LBM pressure-based algorithm [Farag et al. Phys. Fluids 32, 066106 (2020)] has shown its superiority on classical density-based algorithm to simulate high-speed compressible flows. Following our previous theoretical work on incompressible flows [Xu et al. Phys. Fluids 34, 065113 (2022)], we propose an averaged mass correction technique to mitigate mass leakage when simulating high-Mach-number compressible flows. It is adapted to deal here with a density, which is decoupled from the zero-moment definition. The simulations focus on two generic but canonical configurations of more complex industrial devices, the straight channel at different angles of inclination at Mach numbers (Ma) ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn S-duct at Ma = 0.6. The present results show that mass leakage can be a critical issue for the accuracy of the solution and that the proposed correction technique effectively mitigates it and leads to significant improvements in the prediction of the solution.