Antidiabetic and aldose reductase inhibitory activity and LC-MS/MS compositional polyphenol determination of aqueous extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits

This study's objective was to examine the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. (AEAL) in diabetic rats, its aldose reductase inhibitory activity, as well as identify its major phytochemical components using LC-MS. Rats were divided into five groups: normal and diabetic control groups, three diabetic groups received 150 and 300 mg/kg of AEAL and metformin (150 mg/kg) per day for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, urinary volume, daily food consumption, water intake, hepatic glycogen, catalase, malondialdehyde. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed to collect blood for biochemical analysis (level of creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and cholesterol). Moreover, AEAL was tested against aldose reductase, in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of the AEAL revealed a rich composition and especially high amounts of phenolic acid. The administration of the AEAL significantly reduced glycemia, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, and increased the amount of hepatic glycogen. In addition, AEAL decreased urinary volume per day, induced body weight gain in diabetic rats, and inhibited aldose reductase activity.