Comparison of solar energetic particle observations from Solar Orbiter, near-Earth spacecraft and STEREO-A during Solar Orbiter's Earth gravity assist maneuver in November 2021 and its close encounter with STEREO-A in December 2022

On November 27, 2021, Solar Orbiter has performed a gravity assist maneuver at the Earth and in December 2022 Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A were separated by less than 0.2 au. The periods around these two events provide unique opportunities to compare Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations from Solar Orbiter with corresponding observations from near-Earth missions and STEREO-A. The proximity of the different spacecraft offers a useful opportunity to compare the calibrations of the various particle instruments of the different spacecraft. Furthermore, the unique constellations can be used to study small-scale changes in the density distributions of the SEPs.We will present observations of near-relativistic electrons with energies from 50 keV to 400 keV as well as observations of protons with energies from 50 keV to 50 MeV. In particular, we use the period around the Earth gravity assist maneuver for a comparison of measurements from the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) and the High Energy Telescope (HET) aboard Solar Orbiter with measurements from the Electron Proton and Alpha Monitor aboard the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), the 3DP instrument aboard Wind and the Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN) aboard SOHO. The period around the close encounter with STEREO-A is used for a comparison of EPT and HET observations with measurements from the High Energy Telescope (STA/HET) and the Solar Electron and Proton Telescope (SEPT) aboard the STEREO-A spacecraft. For both periods we discuss the instrument calibrations and possible physical explanations for differences in particle observations. Funding: This work was supported by the German Space Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., (DLR)) under grant number 50OT2002 and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101004159 (SERPENTINE).