Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of subsurface hillslope-stream connectivity

Subsurface hillslope-stream connectivity is a major control on runoff-generation and catchment storage dynamics. However, detecting this connectivity is challenging, as processes in the subsurface are not easily observable. Furthermore, we are faced with a high spatial variability as well as pronounced temporal dynamics. In this context, we are investigating three catchments in German mid-mountain ranges: Black Forest, Ore Mountains and Sauerland. The experimental design consists of three trenched hillslopes per catchment as well as numerous observation wells and stream gauges along the stream. Water samples are taken at all locations during snapshot campaigns and are analyzed for major cations and anions to complement event-based sampling at the trenches and in the stream. This comparative design aims at moving beyond single-site insights to gaining a broader view of the process and its spatio-temporal patterns. First observations of these patterns based on physical and chemical signals of subsurface connectivity are presented.