Ionospheric space weather and seismo-ionospheric precursors observed by China seismo-electromagnetic satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), with a sun-synchronous orbit at 507 km altitude, was launched on 2 February 2018 to investigate seismo-ionospheric precursors (SIPs) and ionospheric space weather.  The CSES probes manifest longitudinal features of 4-peak plasma density and three plasma depletions in the equatorial/low-latitudes as well as mid-latitude troughs.  CSES plasma and the total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) are used to study PEIAs associated with a destructive M7.0 earthquake and its followed M6.5 and M6.3/M6.9 earthquakes in Lombok, Indonesia, on 5, 17, and 19 August 2018, respectively, as well as to examine ionospheric disturbances induced by an intense storm with the Dst index of -175 nT on 26 August 2018.  Spatial analyses of GIM TEC and CSES plasma quantities discriminate SIPs from global effects and locate the epicenter of possible forthcoming large earthquakes.  CSES ion velocities are useful to derive SIP- and storm-related electric fields in the ionosphere.