Organic Geochemical Evidence for the Formation of Condensate from Coaly Source Rocks in the Wumaying Buried Hill of the Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Although oil and gas from coaly source rocks have been widely discovered worldwide, the role of oil generated from coal measures in marine-continental coaly deposits during the Carboniferous-Permian period in the Bohai Bay Basin has long been a subject of debate. The recent discovery of a condensate reservoir in the Wumaying buried hill within the Huanghua Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin offers new potential insights into this issue. In this study, we employed organic geochemical methods to explore the possibility of the Carboniferous-Permian coal deposit being a primary source of the condensate. The distribution of light hydrocarbons and the biomarker assemblage indicate that the condensate did not undergo significant secondary alterations such as thermal cracking, gas invasion fractionation, or biodegradation. The hydrocarbon generation potential of the Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks suggests that they could be an important contributor to the formation of condensate. High pristine/phytane ratios (1.0-7.5), an abundant presence of benzene series, and the dominance of C-29 steranes (>50%) within the condensate could be indicative of coaly organic matter. These features are comparable to those found in coaly source rocks. Moreover, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of n-alkanes in the condensate, ranging from -26.0 to -30.0 parts per thousand, correlate well with those from coaly mudstone (-25.4 to -30.0 parts per thousand). This suggests that the condensate of the Wumaying buried hill may predominantly originate from the Carboniferous-Permian coaly mudstone. When integrated with the geological background, the results distinctly demonstrate that the Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks have significantly contributed to the formation of the condensate reservoir in the Wumaying buried hill. This provides an essential reference for future exploration of oil and gas resources derived from the carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin.