Innovative twist design for solar water heaters: Experimental findings and implications

More effective use of solar energy in hot water systems is made possible by optimising heat transfer and flow resistance. In light of this, Research has been conducted to enhance convective heat transfer while analysing flow friction characteristics for best performance, resulting in the design of novel inserts known as customised twists, which increase the efficiency of the solar hot water system. A conventional, plain tube heater is used as a baseline for the study on thermal characteristics, heat transportation and flow friction attributes. A thorough analysis and comparison of the thermal behaviour of the system with customised twist inserts that have been modified using rods and spacers of different lengths is performed. As a result of the induced disturbance in the fluid particle flow pattern throughout the length of risers, a significant improvement in the coefficient of convective heat transfer is observed. The study validated the correlations for the convective heat transfer coefficient and the resistance coefficient against previous research findings. The findings indicated that the thermal efficiency of the full-length twist-inserted system is almost three times greater than that of a plain collector while doubling its pressure drop. The findings of this research could be useful in designing low-cost, compact solar water heaters.