Ommaya reservoir use in pediatric ALL and NHL: a review at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Purpose The intraventricular route of chemotherapy administration, via an Ommaya Reservoir (OmR) improves drug distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to the more commonly used intrathecal administration. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with intraventricular chemotherapy, focused on methotrexate, in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Methods Twenty-four patients (aged 7 days - 22.2 years) with 26 OmR placements were identified for a total of 25,009 OmR days between 1990 and 2019. Methotrexate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations (n = 124) were analyzed from 59 courses of OmR therapy in 15 patients. Twenty-one courses involved methotrexate dosing on day 0 only, whereas 38 courses involved booster dosing on days 1, 2, or both. We simulated the time CSF methotrexate concentrations remained > 1 mu M for 3 days given various dosing regimens. Results CSF methotrexate exposure was higher in those who concurrently received systemic methotrexate than via OmR alone (p < 10(- 7)). Our simulations showed that current intraventricular methotrexate boosting strategy for patients >= 3 years of age maintained CSF methotrexate concentrations >= 1 mu M for 72 h 40% of the time. Alternatively, other boosting strategies were predicted to achieve CSF methotrexate concentrations >= 1 mu M for 72 h between 46 and 72% of the time. Conclusions OmR were able to be safely placed and administer intraventricular methotrexate with and without boost doses in patients from 7 days to 22 years old. Boosting strategies are predicted to increase CSF methotrexate concentrations >= 1 mu M for 72 h.