Efficient simultaneous removal enrofloxacin and Cr(VI) via activation of peroxymonosulfate over defect-rich C-MoS₂-Fe

Carbon-doped MoS2-Fe (C-MoS2-Fe-x) was synthesized induced by the introduction of ethylene glycol using hydrothermal method. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of 1 T/2 H mixed phase and abundant defects, C-MoS2-Fe-x had an excellent ability to simultaneous remove enrofloxacin (ENR) and Cr(VI) via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation (C-MoS2-Fe-x/PMS). The most effective C-MoS2-Fe-2/PMS showed a removal rate constant of 0.200 min(-1) and 0.110 min(-1) for ENR and Cr(VI), which were 15.4 and 8.5 times as high as those of the MoS2-Fe/PMS, respectively. Combined with quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemical experiments, singlet oxygen and electron-transfer can be illustrated for synergistic removal. C-MoS2-Fe-2 exhibits high mineralization capacity and is structurally stable in use with minimal metal leaching. It is noteworthy that C-MoS2-Fe-2/PMS displayed an outstanding purification effect on real pharmaceutical wastewater. This work provides new ideas for designing efficient and green non-homogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like systems to deal with composite pollution wastewater.