Effects of Siegesbeckia herba extract against particulate matter 10 (PM₁₀) in skin barrier-disrupted mouse models

Objectives: Skin barrier disruption is a significant problem of the older population in an aging society. It is characterized by increased transepidermal water loss and decreased skin water content, and particulate matter (PM) is a social issue that can contribute to the exacerbation of skin inflammation. Thus, addressing this problem is urgent. Methods: Skin barrier-disrupted mouse models were induced by two methods using acetone application or tape-stripping. This study investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the Siegesbeckia herba extract (SHE) on PM-induced changes in skin barrier-disrupted mouse models. To examine changes in skin water content, inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte differentiation markers, mouse models were treated with vehicle 100 mu L, PM10 100 mu L (100 mu g/mL), SHE 100 mu L, or PM10 100 mu L (100 mu g/mL) plus SHE 100 mu L. Results: SHE preserved skin hydration in the skin barrier-disrupted mouse models regardless of the presence of PM10. SHE also inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and normalized the downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation markers against PM10 in skin barrier-disrupted mouse models. Conclusions: This study elucidated the therapeutic effects of SHE against PM10 in skin barrier-disrupted mouse models.