Stability of Multivalent Ruthenium on CoWO₄ Nanosheets for Improved Electrochemical Water Splitting with Alkaline Electrolyte

Engineering low-cost electrocatalysts with desired features is vital to decrease the energy consumption but challenging for superior water splitting. Herein, we development a facile strategy by the addition of multivalence ruthenium (Ru) into the CoWO4/CC system. During the synthesis process, the most of Ru3+ ions were insinuated into the lattice of CoWO4, while the residual Ru3+ ions were reduced to metallic Ru and further attached to the interface between carbon cloth and CoWO4 sheets. The optimal Ru-2(M)-CoWO4/CC exhibited superior performance for the HER with an overpotential of 85 mV@10 mA cm(-2), which was much better than most of reported electrocatalysts, regarding OER, a low overpotential of 240 mV@10 mA cm(-2) was sufficient. In comparison to Ru-2(0)-CoWO4/CC with the same Ru mass loading, multivalence Ru-2(M)-CoWO4/CC required a lower overpotential for OER and HER, respectively. The Ru-2(M)-CoWO4/CC couple showed excellent overall water splitting performance at a cell voltage of 1.48 V@10 mA cm(-2) for used as both anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts. Results of the study showed that the electrocatalytic activity of Ru-2(M)-CoWO4/CC was attributed to the in-situ transformation of Ru/Co sites, the multivalent Ru ions and the synergistic effect of different metal species stimulated the intrinsic activity of CoWO4/CC.