Hybrid cubic and hyperbolic b-spline collocation methods for solving fractional Painlevé and Bagley-Torvik equations in the Conformable, Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives

In this paper, we approximate the solution of fractional Painlevé and Bagley-Torvik equations in the Conformable (Co), Caputo (C), and Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivatives using hybrid hyperbolic and cubic B-spline collocation methods, which is an extension of the third-degree B-spline function with more smoothness. The hybrid B-spline function is flexible and produces a system of band matrices that can be solved with little computational effort. In this method, three parameters m , η , and λ play an important role in producing accurate results. The proposed methods reduce to the system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. The stability and convergence analysis of the methods have been discussed. The numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications of the methods and compare the computed results with those obtained using other methods.