Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal 37Ar source
E. Aprile,K. Abe,F. Agostini,S. Ahmed Maouloud,M. Alfonsi,L. Althueser,B. Andrieu,E. Angelino,J. R. Angevaare,V. C. Antochi,D. Anton Martin,F. Arneodo,L. Baudis,A. L. Baxter,L. Bellagamba,R. Biondi,A. Bismark,A. Brown,S. Bruenner,G. Bruno,R. Budnik,T. K. Bui,C. Cai,C. Capelli,J. M. R. Cardoso,D. Cichon,A. P. Colijn,J. Conrad,J. J. Cuenca-Garcia,J. P. Cussonneau,V. D'Andrea,M. P. Decowski,P. Di Gangi,S. Di Pede,S. Diglio,K. Eitel,A. Elykov,S. Farrell,A. D. Ferella,C. Ferrari,H. Fischer,W. Fulgione,P. Gaemers,R. Gaior,A. Gallo Rosso,M. Galloway,F. Gao,R. Glade-Beucke,L. Grandi,J. Grigat,M. Guida,R. Hammann,A. Higuera,C. Hils,L. Hoetzsch,J. Howlett,M. Iacovacci,Y. Itow,J. Jakob,F. Joerg,A. Joy,N. Kato,M. Kara,P. Kavrigin,S. Kazama,M. Kobayashi,G. Koltman,A. Kopec,F. Kuger,H. Landsman,R. F. Lang,L. Levinson,I. Li,S. Li,S. Liang,S. Lindemann,M. Lindner,K. Liu,J. Loizeau,F. Lombardi,J. Long,J. A. M. Lopes,Y. Ma,C. Macolino,J. Mahlstedt,A. Mancuso,L. Manenti,F. Marignetti,T. Marrodan Undagoitia,K. Martens,J. Masbou,D. Masson,E. Masson,S. Mastroianni,M. Messina,K. Miuchi,K. Mizukoshi,A. Molinario,S. Moriyama,K. Mora,Y. Mosbacher,M. Murra,J. Mueller,K. Ni,U. Oberlack,B. Paetsch,J. Palacio,R. Peres,C. Peters,J. Pienaar,M. Pierre,V. Pizzella,G. Plante,J. Qi,J. Qin,D. Ramirez Garcia,S. Reichard,A. Rocchetti,N. Rupp,L. Sanchez,P. Sanchez-Lucas,J. M. F. dos Santos,I. Sarnoff,G. Sartorelli,J. Schreiner,D. Schulte,P. Schulte,H. Schulze Eissng,M. Schumann,L. Scotto Lavina,M. Selvi,F. Semeria,P. Shagin,S. Shi,E. Shockley,M. Silva,H. Simgen,A. Takeda,P. -L. Tan,A. Terliuk,D. Thers,F. Toschi,G. Trinchero,C. Tunnell,F. Toennies,K. Valerius,G. Volta,C. Weinheimer,M. Weiss,D. Wenz,C. Wittweg,T. Wolf,D. Xu,Z. Xu,M. Yamashita,L. Yang,J. Ye,L. Yuan,G. Zavattini,S. Zerbo,M. Zhong,T. Zhu,C. Geppert,J. Riemer
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C（2023）
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摘要
A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal Ar-37 source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two monoenergetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keVare measured to be (32.3 +/- 0.3) photons/keV and (40.6 +/- 0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keVis alsomeasured and it is (68.0(-3.7)(+6.3)) electrons/keV. The Ar-37 calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83 +/- 0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that Ar-37 can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
