Artificial intelligence for heart sound classification: A review

Heart sound signal analysis is very important for the early identification and treatment of cardiovascular illness. With rapid advancements in science and technology, artificial intelligence technologies are providing tremendous opportunities to enhance diagnosis and clinical decision-making. Instruments can now perform clinical diagnoses that previously could only be handled by human experts more conveniently and efficiently. Despite multiple works on automatic heart sound analysis, there are few summarization and review works. This article attempts to give a thorough overview of various heart sound analysis subtasks and examine the improvements made in each subtask by both machine learning techniques and deep learning algorithms. It goals to highlight the potential of AI to revolutionize cardiovascular healthcare by enabling accurate and automated analysis of heart sounds. The findings of this review are beneficial for researchers, clinicians, and engineers in the development and application of AI-based solutions for improved heart sound classification and diagnosis.