A high-quality genome assembly of the waterlily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Waterlily aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus), is a host-alternating aphid known to feed on both terrestrial and aquatic hosts. It causes damage through direct herbivory and acting as a vector for plant viruses, impacting worldwide Prunus spp. fruits and aquatic plants. Interestingly, R. nymphaeae ’s ability to thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial conditions sets it apart from other aphids, offering a unique perspective on adaptation. We present the first high-quality R. nymphaeae genome assembly with a size of 324.4 Mb using PacBio long-read sequencing. The resulting assembly is highly contiguous with a contig N50 reached 12.7 Mb. The BUSCO evaluation suggested a 97.5% completeness. The R. nymphaeae genome consists of 16.9% repetitive elements and 16,834 predicted protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis positioned R. nymphaeae within the Aphidini tribe, showing close relations to R. maidis and R. padi . The high-quality reference genome R. nymphaeae provides a unique resource for understanding genome evolution in aphids and paves the foundation for understanding host plant adaptation mechanisms and developing pest control strategies.