Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus

Simple Summary Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with high lethality in lactating piglets and strong cross-species transmission ability. As it is a new threat to the swine industry, research and understanding of this virus are still in the early stages. There are currently no commercially available vaccines that prevent swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). In this review, we systematically analyzed the structural components of the virus, input and possible modes of transmission, and the cross-species transmissibility of the virus to characterize its risk level. We also summarized host-dependent factors in the virus infection process, as well as the viral regulation of host cell life processes. Finally, we discussed preventive and therapeutic measures that can be adopted in the future. Through this review, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of this porcine enterovirus and to subsequent research.Abstract Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of and comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview of the temporal and evolutionary features of SADS-CoV outbreaks, focusing on the structural characteristics of the virus, which serve as the basis for discussing its potential for interspecies transmission. Additionally, the review summarizes virus-host interactions, including the effects on host cells, as well as apoptotic and autophagic behaviors, and discusses prevention and treatment modalities for this viral infection.