The Emergence of Cooperation in the well-mixed Prisoner's Dilemma: Memory Couples Individual and Group Strategies
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Exploration of mechanisms underlying the emergence of collective cooperation
remains a focal point in field of evolution of cooperation. Prevailing studies
often neglect historical information, relying on the latest rewards as the
primary criterion for individual decision-making-a method incongruent with
human cognition and decision-making modes. This limitation impedes a
comprehensive understanding of the spontaneous emergence of cooperation.
Integrating memory factors into evolutionary game models to formulate decision
criteria with delayed effects has shown potential in unraveling cooperation
mechanisms. However, this comes at the significant cost of heightened
computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an experiential
decision-making method based on reinforcement learning. Utilizing this method,
we construct a multi-agent system to engage in the evolutionary Prisoner's
Dilemma game. Simulation results indicate that memory establishes a coupling
relationship between individual and group strategies, fostering periodic
oscillation between cooperation and defection in a well-mixed group.
Specifically, defection loses its payoff advantage over cooperation as the
group cooperation rate decreases. Conversely, the cooperative behavior gains
reinforcement with an increase in the group cooperation rate, overcoming
defection as the dominant strategy for individuals. This coupling between
individual and group strategies fundamentally bridges the gap between
individual and group interests, integrating a multitude of known factors and
elucidating the fundamental mechanism of cooperation emergence in the face of
social dilemmas.
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