Quantum Simulations of Hadron Dynamics in the Schwinger Model using 112 Qubits
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Hadron wavepackets are prepared and time evolved in the Schwinger model using
112 qubits of IBM's 133-qubit Heron quantum computer ibm_torino. The
initialization of the hadron wavepacket is performed in two steps. First, the
vacuum is prepared across the whole lattice using the recently developed
SC-ADAPT-VQE algorithm and workflow. SC-ADAPT-VQE is then extended to the
preparation of localized states, and used to establish a hadron wavepacket on
top of the vacuum. This is done by adaptively constructing low-depth circuits
that maximize the overlap with an adiabatically prepared hadron wavepacket. Due
to the localized nature of the wavepacket, these circuits can be determined on
a sequence of small lattices using classical computers, and then robustly
scaled to prepare wavepackets on large lattices for simulations using quantum
computers. Time evolution is implemented with a second-order Trotterization. To
reduce both the required qubit connectivity and circuit depth, an approximate
quasi-local interaction is introduced. This approximation is made possible by
the emergence of confinement at long distances, and converges exponentially
with increasing distance of the interactions. Using multiple error-mitigation
strategies, up to 14 Trotter steps of time evolution are performed, employing
13,858 two-qubit gates (with a CNOT depth of 370). The propagation of hadrons
is clearly identified, with results that compare favorably with Matrix Product
State simulations. Prospects for a near-term quantum advantage in simulations
of hadron scattering are discussed.
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