OsNAC103, an NAC transcription factor negatively regulates plant height in rice

Main conclusion OsNAC103 negatively regulates rice plant height by influencing the cell cycle and crosstalk of phytohormones. Abstract Plant height is an important characteristic of rice farming and is directly related to agricultural yield. Although there has been great progress in research on plant growth regulation, numerous genes remain to be elucidated. NAC transcription factors are widespread in plants and have a vital function in plant growth. Here, we observed that the overexpression of OsNAC103 resulted in a dwarf phenotype, whereas RNA interference (RNAi) plants and osnac103 mutants showed no significant difference. Further investigation revealed that the cell length did not change, indicating that the dwarfing of plants was caused by a decrease in cell number due to cell cycle arrest. The content of the bioactive cytokinin N 6 -Δ 2 -isopentenyladenine (iP) decreased as a result of the cytokinin synthesis gene being downregulated and the enhanced degradation of cytokinin oxidase. OsNAC103 overexpression also inhibited cell cycle progression and regulated the activity of the cell cyclin OsCYCP2;1 to arrest the cell cycle. We propose that OsNAC103 may further influence rice development and gibberellin–cytokinin crosstalk by regulating the Oryza sativa homeobox 71 ( OSH71 ). Collectively, these results offer novel perspectives on the role of OsNAC103 in controlling plant architecture.