Numerical analysis of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells with different Cu-based hole transport layers under indoor illuminations

Indoor applications for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved high power efficiency, which has attracted significant interest in the field of internet of things. Currently, the energy of typical indoor lights (color temperatures of 2700 K/3500 K/5000 K, irradiance of 1000 lx) are concentrated in visible range of 400–700 nm, which matches the band gap of CsPbI 2 Br perovskite (1.86 eV, cut-off at 670 nm). On the other hand, the fragile property of organic transport layers is difficult to keep the long-term stability of PSCs. Summarized bottlenecks we have mentioned above, multiple inorganic hole transport material (HTM) candidates in models of PSCs was introduced to obtain the highest efficiency through optimizing inorganic geometries. The results showed that the device with Cu 2 O-HTM exhibits the best performance at three color temperatures, which was attributed to the minimization of the energy difference between Au/HTL/PSK. In addition, by optimizing the hole mobility and doping density of HTL, defect density of the HTL/PSK interface, thickness of the perovskite, doping density and total defect density of the perovskite, thickness of ETL, electron mobility and doping density of HTL, defect density of PSK/ETL interface, our simulation can achieve high efficiencies of 34.02%, 32.67% and 31.51% at three color temperatures of 1000 lx light (2700 K, 3500 K and 5000 K). This research offers guidelines for constructing highly efficient PSCs with inorganic HTMs for experimental research under indoor light illumination.