SPAGINS: semiempirical parameterization for fragments in gamma-induced nuclear spallation

From the empirical phenomena of fragment distributions in nuclear spallation reactions, semiempirical formulas named SPAGINS were constructed to predict fragment cross-sections in high-energy γ -induced nuclear spallation reactions (PNSR). In constructing the SPAGINS formulas, theoretical models, including the TALYS toolkit, SPACS, and Rudstam formulas, were employed to study the general phenomenon of fragment distributions in PNSR with incident energies ranging from 100 to 1000 MeV. Considering the primary characteristics of PNSR, the SPAGINS formulas modify the EPAX and SPACS formulas and efficiently reproduce the measured data. The SPAGINS formulas provide a new and effective tool for predicting fragment production in PNSR.