Collaboration Policy for Two-Echelon Green Industrial Supply Chain with Carbon Emissions Using Particle Swarm Optimization

We develop a two-echelon supply chain inventory model with emission, isoelastic demand and multiple shipment policy. The quality of the manufactured items affects the production rate. Depending upon the production rate, a certain amount of the lot produced contains defective items. The numerical simulation and cost optimization via Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been done to facilitate the valuable insights of optimal investment in green technology to reduce the carbon emissions.