Heterostructure: application of absorption-catalytic center in lithium–sulfur batteries

Due to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh center dot g(-1)), low cost, and high safety of the sulfur cathodes, they are expected to be one of the most promising rivals for a new generation of energy storage systems. However, the shuttle effect, low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products, volume expansion, and other factors hinder the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). The development of sulfur-fixing materials and the design of multifunctional materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of LSBs have been the main research priorities in recent years. Because of the advantages of high conductivity, built-in electric field, and good synergism, more and more researchers have employed heterostructure into sulfur-fixing materials to enhance the catalytic and absorption ability for polysulfides. In this review, the principle of heterostructure and the mechanism of enhancing the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries are described. The applications of heterostructure in cathode and interlayer of LSBs in the latest years are summarized. Finally, the cutting-edge troubles and possibilities of heterostructures in LSBs are briefly presented.