The U.S. National Registry for Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease: Report of Study Design and Initial Enrollment Cohort

Childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) encompasses a broad spectrum of rare disorders. The Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease Research Network (chILDRN) established a prospective registry to advance knowledge regarding etiology, phenotype, natural history, and management of these disorders. This longitudinal, observational, multicenter registry utilizes single-IRB reliance agreements, with participation from 25 chILDRN centers across the U.S. Clinical data are collected and managed using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) electronic data platform. We report the study design and some elements of the initial Registry enrollment cohort, which includes 683 subjects with a broad range of chILD diagnoses. The most common diagnosis reported was neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), with 155 (23%) subjects. Components of underlying disease biology were identified by enrolling sites, with cohorts of interstitial fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and airway disease being most commonly reported. Prominent morbidities affecting enrolled children included home supplemental oxygen use (63%) and failure to thrive (46%). This Registry is the largest longitudinal chILD cohort in the U.S. to date, providing a powerful framework for collaborating centers committed to improving the understanding and treatment of these rare disorders.