Potential, Mechanism and Molecular Insight of Melatonin in Phyto-Remediation

Melatonin act as a plant growth stimulator under plant stress condition. Various factors induce stress on plants like heavy metals accumulation, salt uptake, and environmental factors. Regarding environmental degradations, biosynthesis of melatonin causes remarkable indirect (stimulate plant metabolism by the anti-oxidation system) and direct (chelating heavy metals, scavenging free radicals) impacts in enhancing phytoremediation treatment. Melatonin has the ability to improve plant metabolism and produce resistance/tolerance in contradiction of stresses. Furthermore, studies gap still exit about the uptake, translocation, and gene pathways of melatonin during phytoremediation. This chapter covers all the aspects to understand the application of melatonin to achieve sustainability and more accuracy in phytoremediation against stresses.