Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021
K. Abe,N. Akhlaq,R. Akutsu,Ahmed Farag Ali,C. Alt,C. Andreopoulos,M. Antonova,Shigeki Aoki,T. Arihara,Y. Asada,Yosuke Ashida,E. T. Atkin,S. Ban,M. Barbi,G. J. Barker,G. Barr,D. Barrow,M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak,F. Bench,V. Berardi,L. Berns,S. Bhadra,Adrien Blanchet,A. Blondel,S. Bolognesi,T. Bonus,S. Bordoni,S. B. Boyd,A. Bravar,C. Bronner,S. Bron,A. Bubak,M. Buizza Avanzini,N. F. Calabria,S. Cao,A.J. Carter,S. Cartwright,M. G. Catanesi,A. Cervera,J. Chakrani,D. Cherdack,G. Christodoulou,M. Cicerchia,J. P. Coleman,G. Collazuol,L. Cook,A. Cudd,Yu. I. Davydov,A. De Roeck,G. Rosa,T. Dealtry,C. Delogu,C. Densham,A. Dergacheva,F. Di Lodovico,S. Dolan,D. Douqa,Tony Doyle,O. Drapier,K. Duffy,J. Dumarchez,P. Dunne,K. Dygnarowicz,Akihiro Eguchi,S. Emery-Schrenk,А. В. Ершова,S. Fedotov,P. Fernández,A. J. Finch,G. A. Fiorentini Aguirre,G. Fiorillo,M. Friend,Y. Fujii,Y. Fukuda,K. Fusshoeller,C. Giganti,V. Glagolev,M. Gonin,Elise Goodman,A. Gorin,M. Grassi,M. Guigue,D. R. Hadley,J. T. Haigh,P. Hamacher-Baumann,D. A. Harris,M. Hartz,T. Hasegawa,S. Hassani,N. C. Hastings,A. Hatzikoutelis,Y. Hayato,A. Hiramoto,M. Hogan,J. Holeczek,A. Holin,Thomas Holvey,N. T. Hong Van,Takashi Honjo,F. Iacob,A. K. Ichikawa,M. Ikeda,Toru Ishida,M. Ishitsuka,H.T. Israel,S. J. Ives,K. Iwamoto,A. Izmaylov,N. Izumi,M. Jakkapu,B. Jamieson,S. J. Jenkins,C. Jesús-Valls,Jin-Liang Jiang,P. Jönsson,C. K. Jung,P. B. Jurj,M. Kabirnezhad,A. C. Kaboth,T. Kajita,H. Kakuno,J. Kameda,S. P. Kasetti,Y. Kataoka,Yasuhisa Katayama,T. Katori,M. Kawaue,E. Kearns,M. Khabibullin,A. Khotjantsev,T. Kikawa,H. Kikutani,S. King,J. Kisiel,A. Knight,T. Kobata,T. Kobayashi,L. Koch,G. Kogan,A. Konaka,L. L. Kormos,Y. Koshio,A. Kostin,K. Kowalik,Y. Kudenko,S. Kuribayashi,R. Kurjata,T. Kutter,M. Kuze,M. La Commara,L. Labarga,K. Lachner,J. Łagoda,S. Lakshmi,M. Lamers James,I. Lamont,Mathieu Lamoureux,D. Last,N. Latham,M. Laveder,M. Lawe,Y. Lee,Chih-Wei Lin,T. Lindner,S. Lin,R. P. Litchfield,S.L. Liu,A. Longhin,K. Long,L. Ludovici,Xiaoxu Lu,T. Lux,L. N. Machado,L. Magaletti,Kendall Mahn,M. Malek,M. Mandal,S. Manly,A. D. Marino,L. Marti-Magro,Dirk Martin,M. Martini,J. F. Martin,T. Maruyama,Takahiko Matsubara,V. Matveev,C. Mauger,K. Mavrokoridis,E. Mazzucato,N. McCauley,J. McElwee,K. S. McFarland,C. McGrew,A. Mefodiev,G. D. Megías,Lucile Mellet,C. Metelko,M. Mezzetto,A. Minamino,O. Mineev,S. Mine,Makoto Miura,L. Molina Bueno,S. Moriyama,T. Mueller,Danusa Munford,L. Munteanu,Kota Nagai,Y. Nagai,T. Nakadaira,K. Nakagiri,M. Nakahata,Yoshikazu Nakajima,Akihiko Nakamura,Hiroki Nakamura,K. Nakamura,Y. Nakano,S. Nakayama,T. Nakaya,K. Nakayoshi,C. E. R. Naseby,Tran Van Ngoc,V. Q. Nguyen,K. Niewczas,Y. Nishimura,K. Nishizaki,F. Nova,P. Novella,J. C. Nugent,H. M. O’Keeffe,L. O’Sullivan,T. Odagawa,T. Ogawa,Ryutaro Okada,K. Okumura,T. Okusawa,R. A. Owen,Y. Oyama,V. Palladino,V. Paolone,M. Pari,J. Parlone,S. Parsa,J. Pasternak,M. Pavin,D. J. Payne,G. C. Penn,J. D. Perkin,D. Pershey,L. Pickering,C. Pidcott,G. Pintaudi,C. Pistillo,Б. Popov,K. Porwit,M. Posiadała-Zezula,Y. S. Prabhu,B. Quilain,T. Radermacher,E. Radicioni,B. Radics,P. N. Ratoff,M. Reh,C. Riccio,E. Rondio,Stefan Roth,A. Rubbia,A. C. Ruggeri,C. A. Ruggles,A. Rychter,K. Sakashita,F. Sánchez,G. Santucci,C. M. Schloesser,K. Scholberg,M. Scott,Y. Seiya,T. Sekiguchi,H. Sekiya,D. Sgalaberna,A. Shaikhiev,A. Shaykina,M. Shiozawa,William I. Shorrock,A. Shvartsman,K. Skwarczynski,M. B. Smy,J. Sobczyk,H. W. Sobel,F. J. P. Soler,Y. Sonoda,Roberto Spina,Hang Su,И. Суслов,S. Suvorov,A. Suzuki,S. Suzuki,Y. Suzuki,A. A. Sztuc,M. Tada,S. Takayasu,Atsushi Takeda,Y. Takeuchi,Hiroyuki Tanaka,Y. Tanihara,Masahiko Tani,В. Терещенко,N. Teshima,N. Thamm,L. F. Thompson,W. H. Toki,C. Touramanis,T. Towstego,K. M. Tsui,T. Tsukamoto,M. Tzanov,Y. Uchida,A. Vacheret,M. R. Vagins,Z. Vallari,D. Vargas,G. Vasseur,C. Vilela,W. G. S. Vinning,T. Vladisavljevic,T. Wąchała,A. V. Waldron,J. Walsh,Y. Wang,L. Wan,D. Wark,M. O. Wascko,A. Weber,R. Wendell,M. J. Wilking,C. Wilkinson,J. R. Wilson,K. Wood,C. Wret,J. Xia,Y. Xu,K. Yamamoto,C. Yanagisawa,G. Yang,T. Yano,K. Yasutome,N. Yershov,U. Yevarouskaya,M. Yokoyama,Yuta Yoshimoto,M. Yu,R. Zaki,A. Zalewska,J. Zalipska,К. Заремба,George Zarnecki,XJ Zhao,Taiyu Zhu,M. Ziembicki,E. D. Zimmerman,M. Zito,S. Zsoldos
Journal of Instrumentation（2022）
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摘要
Abstract The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9–2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3–5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation.
