Sirtuin 5 levels are limiting in preserving cardiac function and suppressing fibrosis in response to pressure overload

Heart failure (HF) is defined as an inability of the heart to pump blood adequately to meet the body’s metabolic demands. HF with reduced systolic function is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis and remodeling, and decreased cardiac contractility, leading to cardiac functional impairment and death. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a well-established model for inducing hypertrophy and HF in rodents. Mice globally deficient in sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a NAD + -dependent deacylase, are hypersensitive to cardiac stress and display increased mortality after TAC. Prior studies assessing SIRT5 functions in the heart have all employed loss-of-function approaches. In this study, we generated SIRT5 overexpressing (SIRT5OE) mice, and evaluated their response to chronic pressure overload induced by TAC. Compared to littermate controls, SIRT5OE mice were protected from left ventricular dilation and impaired ejection fraction, adverse functional consequences of TAC. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that SIRT5 suppresses key HF sequelae, including the metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, immune activation, and increased fibrotic signaling. We conclude that SIRT5 is a limiting factor in the preservation of cardiac function in response to experimental pressure overload.