Multiexcitonic Emission of Organic-Inorganic (C₄H₁₂N)₂ZrCl₆:Sb^{3+ Perovskites across the Full Visible Region for Anticounterfeiting Applications}

Hybrid lead-free halide perovskites have attracted substantial attention because of their superior optical properties. However, it is difficult for most metal perovskite materials with a single dopant to achieve multimode excitation and tunable or full-spectrum emission, leading to rare applications in white-light-emitting diodes and smart anticounterfeiting. Herein, a series of Sb3+-doped organic-inorganic halide hybrid (TMA)(2)ZrCl6 (TMA = C4H12N) microcrystals with intriguing excitation-dependent luminescence is reported. The prepared (TMA)(2)ZrCl6:Sb3+ perovskites exhibited three emission groups under variable excitation, corresponding to intrinsic host self-trapped excitons, dopant-induced extrinsic free excitons, and self-trapped excitons. The multiexcitonic emission modes in (TMA)(2)ZrCl6:Sb3+ enabled dynamic color transfer by controlling the excitation wavelength. Tunable emission, high-efficiency luminescence (photoluminescence quantum yield up to 94.31%), and excellent environmental stability provide unique advantages in anticounterfeiting and solid-state lighting. The results offer fundamental insights into the color kinetics of antimony-doped hybrid metal halides, facilitating opportunities for multifunctional applications.