Nitrogen-oxygen co-doped nanocarbon anodes derived from a Lewis acid-alkaline paired supermolecule structure for lithium-ion hybrid capacitors

Carbon-based material is a practical, low-cost class of anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Commercial graphite anodes exhibit restricted theoretical capacity and poor rate performance. In contrast, amorphous carbon anodes, with their large interlayer spacing and defect sites, offer superior reversible lithium-ion storage capacity. The capability of storing lithium ions can be further facilitated by enhanced surface capacitive adsorption sites through heteroatom doping strategies in concert with porous structure design. Herein, we synthesize a Lewis acid-alkaline paired supramolecule by rhodanine and melamine and produce N/O co-doped porous carbon materials (RMC) from this supramolecule by one-step carbonization method. The RMC electrodes display a high reversible lithium-ion storage capacity of 544 mAh g(-1) and robust rate performance. This work presents a novel and effortless approach for the preparation of N/O co-doped porous carbon materials to be utilized as anode materials with remarkable lithium-ion storage performances.