A Symmetrical Approach to Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI Using Deep Learning and Threefold Attention Mechanism

The symmetrical segmentation of brain tumor images is crucial for both clinical diagnosis and computer-aided prognosis. Traditional manual methods are not only asymmetrical in terms of efficiency but also prone to errors and lengthy processing. A significant barrier to the process is the complex interplay between the deep learning network for MRI brain tumor imaging and the harmonious compound of both local and global feature information, which can throw off the balance in segmentation accuracy. Addressing this asymmetry becomes essential for precise diagnosis. In answer to this challenge, we introduce a balanced, end-to-end solution for brain tumor segmentation, incorporating modifications that mirror the U-Net architecture, ensuring a harmonious flow of information. Beginning with symmetric enhancement of the visual quality of MRI brain images, we then apply a symmetrical residual structure. By replacing the convolutional modules in both the encoder and decoder sections with deep residual modules, we establish a balance that counters the vanishing gradient problem commonly faced when the network depth increases. Following this, a symmetrical threefold attention block is integrated. This addition ensures a balanced fusion of local and global image features, fine-tuning the network to symmetrically discern and learn essential image characteristics. This harmonious integration remarkably amplifies the network's precision in segmenting MRI brain tumors. We further validate the equilibrium achieved by our proposed model using three brain tumor segmentation datasets and four metrics and by juxtaposing our model against 21 traditional and learning-based counterparts. The results confirm that our balanced approach significantly elevates performance in the segmentation of MRI brain tumor images without an asymmetrical increase in computational time.