Multi-Intensity Planes Constellation and Code Design-Based Color-Shift Keying for Visible Light Communications

In this study, we develop multi-intensity planes color-shift keying (MIP-CSK) constellations to determine the effect of the MIP-based color-shift keying design scheme on the reliability of visible light communication systems under the constraint of target color constraint. Based on a 2-D triangle partition (TP) constellation plane, we introduce algorithms to design the nonintegral powers of two MIP-CSK constellations in 3-D symbol space by using set partition (SP) and intensity plane levels, which improves the minimum Euclidean distance. We then develop a coding scheme by designing a finite-state machine from the nonintegral powers of two constellations to further improve the reliability under the white color constraint. Subsequently, by considering the spatial symmetric nature of the TP constellation distribution, we study the design strategy of powers of two constellation symbols and further propose the powers of two MIP-CSK design scheme in a 3-D symbol space. Moreover, we investigate the reliability benefit obtained by SP and optimal intensity levels for powers of two MIP-CSK constellations by improving the normalized minimum squared distance. The simulation results indicate that the error performance of the proposed new family of MIP-based design schemes outperforms its counterparts while complying with the white color constraint at the high signal-to-noise ratios.