A guide for utilizing gestalt, critical, and humanistic theories to transform pathophysiology instruction in nursing

We propose using three theories to develop pathophysiology courses. Gestalt theory supports students' abilities to integrate information holistically. Critical Pedagogy shows students how to recognize biases and inequalities, critique scientific information, and lead future health care reforms. Humanism encourages the development of empathy and interpersonal skills. Our paper describes the philosophical underpinnings of these theoretical perspectives, examines the relevance to nursing education, provides a sample pathophysiology course outline, and gives recommendations for future programs.(c) 2023 Organization for Associate Degree Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.