Renewable energy system opportunities: A sustainable solution toward cleaner production and reducing carbon footprint of large-scale dairy farms

•Provide a three-phased energy audit of a large-scale dairy farm.•Experimentally determine the direct energy-use share and intensity of dairy farms.•Suggesting energy-related retrofits to annually save about 25,118 kWh of electricity.•Provide four renewable-based alternative energy systems to cover load.•Cover cooling, heating, and power demand while reducing 3920 tCO2eq GHG emissions.