Feasibility and Proof-of-Concept of Delivering an Autonomous Music-Based Digital Walking Intervention to Persons with Parkinson's Disease in a Naturalistic Setting

Background: Reduced motor automaticity in Parkinson's disease (PD) negatively impacts the quality, intensity, and amount of daily walking. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS), a clinical intervention shown to improve walking outcomes, has been limited by barriers associated with the need for ongoing clinician input. Objective: To assess the feasibility, proof-of-concept, and preliminary clinical outcomes associated with delivering an autonomous music-based digital walking intervention based on RAS principles to persons with PD in a naturalistic setting. Methods: Twenty-three persons with PD used the digital intervention independently for four weeks to complete five weekly 30-minute sessions of unsupervised, overground walking with music-based cues. The intervention progressed autonomously according to real-time gait sensing. Feasibility of independent use was assessed by examining participant adherence, safety, and experience. Intervention proof-of-concept was assessed by examining spatiotemporal metrics of gait quality, daily minutes of moderate intensity walking, and daily steps. Preliminary clinical outcomes were assessed following intervention completion. Results: Participants completed 86.4% of sessions and 131.1% of the prescribed session duration. No adverse events were reported. Gait speed, stride length, and cadence increased within sessions, and gait variability decreased (p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, increased daily moderate intensity walking (mean Delta = +21.44 minutes) and steps (mean Delta = +3,484 steps) occurred on designated intervention days (p < 0.05). Quality of life, disease severity, walking endurance, and functional mobility were improved after four weeks (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Study findings supported the feasibility and potential clinical utility of delivering an autonomous digitalwalking intervention to persons with PD in a naturalistic setting.