Hollow Bowl NiS₂@polyaniline Conductive Linker/Graphene Conductive Network: A Triple Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

The achievement of the outstanding theoretical capacitance of nickel sulfide (NiS2) is challenging due to its low conductivity, slow electrochemical kinetics, and poor structural stability. In this study, we utilize polyaniline (PANI) as a linker to anchor the NiS2 with a hollow bowl-like structure, uniformly dispersed at the surface of graphene oxide (GO)(NiS2@15PG). The presence of PANI provides growth sites, resulting in a uniform and dense arrangement of NiS2. This morphological modulation of NiS2 increases the contact area between the active material to electrolyte. Additionally, PANI effectively connects NiS2 with the conductive network of GO, which advances the electrical conductivity and ion diffusion properties. As a result, the R-ct (charge transfer resistance) and Z(w) (Warburg impedance) of NiS2@15PG decrease by 82.61 % and 66.76 % respectively. This unique structure confers NiS2@15PG with high specific capacitance (536.13 C g(-1) at 1 A g(-1)) and excellent multiplicative property of 60.93 % at 20 A g(-1). The assembled NiS2@15PG//YP-50 supercapacitors (HSC) demonstrates an energy density (13.09 Wh kg(-1)) at a high-power density (16 kW kg(-1)). The capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g(-1) is 86.59 %, indicating its significant potential for practical applications.