The efficacy and efficiency of percutaneous lidocaine injection for minimizing the carotid reflex in carotid artery stenting: A single-center retrospective study

Targeted PPLI administration to the carotid bulb decreased aberrant heart rates and blood pressure changes induced by carotid stent deployment and balloon inflation. As CBR sensitivity increases with decreasing distance to the stenotic lesion from the CCA bifurcation, PPLIs may help stabilize patients during procedures for stenotic lesions closer to the CCA.